Ukrainians go to the polls on Sunday, with president Volodymyr Zelensky’s party “Servant of the People” set to win the biggest share of votes in the ex-Soviet country’s early parliamentary election.
Here are five facts about the country that in recent years has been shaken by uprisings, war and loss of territory.
Russia ties
“Ukraine” literally means “on the edge” and its history has been closely tied to that of its giant neighbour, Russia.
Modern-day Russia and Ukraine are thought to both trace their origins to the ancient state of Kievan Rus, which at its height stretched from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea.
Much of what is now Ukraine was part of the Tsarist Russian empire although the western regions belonged at different times to various neighbours, including the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The country later became part of the USSR. In the early decades of Soviet rule it suffered during a devastating famine known as the Holodomor caused by Joseph Stalin’s policies.
Tensions between Kiev and Moscow have flared in the decades following the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991.
After a pro-Western popular uprising led to the ouster of Russian-backed president Viktor Yanukovych in 2014, Moscow annexed the Crimean peninsula and supported separatists in the east of Ukraine.
The conflict has so far cost around 13,000 lives.
Economic trouble
With the start of the 2014 crisis, the Ukrainian economy went into freefall. That year, GDP dropped by more than six per cent, and the following year it fell almost 10 per cent. In 2015, inflation hit more than 40 per cent.
The economy has since shown some signs of recovery but the country of 45 million people remains one of the poorest in Europe.
An average monthly salary is $395 (350 euros).
The country relies on transit fees for Russian gas towards Europe and Kiev has expressed concern it will be bypassed by new Russian energy projects.
During disputes in 2006 and 2009, Moscow cut supplies to Ukraine during the winter, sparking knock-on shortages in Europe.
– Corruption –
Corruption is endemic in Ukraine and the Servant of the People” party says its primary task after the elections is to finally defeat it.
Transparency International puts Ukraine at 120 out of 180 countries in a ranking of public perception of corruption — better than its 2014 rating of 142, but well below its EU neighbours.
According to a Gallup poll, just nine percent of Ukrainians have confidence in their government, the lowest in the world.
There is public frustration at what is seen as an out-of-touch, corrupt political elite — which explains the meteoric rise of Zelensky and his party.
Anti-corruption campaigners regularly suffer physical attacks. Activists say they have recorded around 100 such attacks over the past four years.
Chernobyl
The world’s worst nuclear accident took place in Ukraine on 26 April 1986, at the Chernobyl nuclear power station.
Thirty people were killed in an explosion and many hundreds died of related illnesses, though the exact figure remains disputed. Soviet authorities initially tried to cover up and then play down the disaster.
Eventually 350,000 people were evacuated from within a 30-kilometre (19-mile) radius around the plant, an exclusion zone that remains uninhabited, apart from some 150 elderly residents who returned despite an official ban.
Authorities now say it will only be safe for humans to live there again in 24,000 years.
In recent years the site has become a tourist attraction, with the success of HBO’s mini-series “Chernobyl” boosting the tourism industry even more.
– Borscht and Chicken Kiev –
While some in the West think of borscht as synonymous with Russian cuisine, Ukraine claims the beetroot-based soup with cabbage as part of its national heritage dating back to the 14th century.
A number of other dishes are contested by Russia and Ukraine, including Chicken Kiev. Some versions of its history attribute the invention of the dish to a Russian chef.
